Education in its general sense is a form of
learning in which
knowledge,
skills, and
habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through
teaching, training, research, or simply through
autodidacticism.
[1] Generally, it occurs through any
experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts.
Secondary schools
Main article:
Secondary education
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during
adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive
primary education for
minors, to the optional, selective
tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “
higher” education (e.g.
university, vocational school) for
adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or
high schools,
gymnasiums,
lyceums, middle schools,
colleges,
or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies
from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and
secondary education also varies from country to country and even within
them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of
schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years.
In the United States, Canada and
Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as
K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give
common knowledge, to prepare for
higher education or to train directly in a
profession.
The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not
happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and
technological advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of
electrification), that required
skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand,
high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for
white collar or skilled
blue collar
work. This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees,
for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more
efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees
received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational
attainment.
In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of
public schools,
fee-paying schools, or charitable educational foundations, which themselves have an even longer history.
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